在本文中，動(dòng)力節(jié)點(diǎn)小編會(huì)給大家介紹Java實(shí)現(xiàn)隊(duì)列。隊(duì)列是遵循 FIFO(先進(jìn)先出)原則的線性數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)。這意味著首先插入的對(duì)象將是第一個(gè)出來的對(duì)象，然后是下一個(gè)插入的對(duì)象。

隊(duì)列支持以下核心操作：

入隊(duì)：在隊(duì)列的尾部插入一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。

出隊(duì)：從隊(duì)列的前面移除對(duì)象并返回它，從而將隊(duì)列大小減一。

Peek：返回隊(duì)列前面的對(duì)象而不刪除它。

IsEmpty：測試隊(duì)列是否為空。

大小：返回隊(duì)列中存在的元素總數(shù)。

使用數(shù)組的隊(duì)列實(shí)現(xiàn)：

// A class to represent a queue
class Queue
{
    private int[] arr;      // array to store queue elements
    private int front;      // front points to the front element in the queue
    private int rear;       // rear points to the last element in the queue
    private int capacity;   // maximum capacity of the queue
    private int count;      // current size of the queue 
    // Constructor to initialize a queue
    Queue(int size)
    {
        arr = new int[size];
        capacity = size;
        front = 0;
        rear = -1;
        count = 0;
    } 
    // Utility function to dequeue the front element
    public int dequeue()
    {
        // check for queue underflow
        if (isEmpty())
        {
            System.out.println("Underflow\nProgram Terminated");
            System.exit(-1);
        } 
        int x = arr[front]; 
        System.out.println("Removing " + x); 
        front = (front + 1) % capacity;
        count--; 
        return x;
    } 
    // Utility function to add an item to the queue
    public void enqueue(int item)
    {
        // check for queue overflow
        if (isFull())
        {
            System.out.println("Overflow\nProgram Terminated");
            System.exit(-1);
        } 
        System.out.println("Inserting " + item); 
        rear = (rear + 1) % capacity;
        arr[rear] = item;
        count++;
    } 
    // Utility function to return the front element of the queue
    public int peek()
    {
        if (isEmpty())
        {
            System.out.println("Underflow\nProgram Terminated");
            System.exit(-1);
        }
        return arr[front];
    } 
    // Utility function to return the size of the queue
    public int size() {
        return count;
    } 
    // Utility function to check if the queue is empty or not
    public boolean isEmpty() {
        return (size() == 0);
    } 
    // Utility function to check if the queue is full or not
    public boolean isFull() {
        return (size() == capacity);
    }
} 
class Main
{
    public static void main (String[] args)
    {
        // create a queue of capacity 5
        Queue q = new Queue(5); 
        q.enqueue(1);
        q.enqueue(2);
        q.enqueue(3); 
        System.out.println("The front element is " + q.peek());
        q.dequeue();
        System.out.println("The front element is " + q.peek()); 
        System.out.println("The queue size is " + q.size()); 
        q.dequeue();
        q.dequeue(); 
        if (q.isEmpty()) {
            System.out.println("The queue is empty");
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("The queue is not empty");
        }
    }
}

輸出：

Inserting 1
Inserting 2
Inserting 3
前面的元素是 1
移除 1
前面的元素是 2
隊(duì)列大小是 2
移除 2
移除 3
隊(duì)列是空的

enqueue()、dequeue()、peek()和函數(shù) 的時(shí)間復(fù)雜度是常數(shù)isEmpty()，size()即O(1)。

使用Queue界面：

Java的庫還包含指定隊(duì)列操作的Queue接口。以下是使用該類的Queue接口示例：LinkedList

import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue; 
class Main
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Queue<String> queue = new LinkedList<String>(); 
        queue.add("A");     // Insert `A` into the queue
        queue.add("B");     // Insert `B` into the queue
        queue.add("C");     // Insert `C` into the queue
        queue.add("D");     // Insert `D` into the queue 
        // Prints the front of the queue (`A`)
        System.out.println("The front element is " + queue.peek()); 
        queue.remove();     // removing the front element (`A`)
        queue.remove();     // removing the front element (`B`) 
        // Prints the front of the queue (`C`)
        System.out.println("The front element is " + queue.peek()); 
        // Returns the total number of elements present in the queue
        System.out.println("The queue size is " + queue.size()); 
        // check if the queue is empty
        if (queue.isEmpty()) {
            System.out.println("The queue is empty");
        }
        else {
            System.out.println("The queue is not empty");
        }
    }
}

輸出：

前面元素是 A
前面元素是 C
隊(duì)列大小是 2
隊(duì)列不為空